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Stephens Island wren
The Stephens Island wren or Lyall's wren (''Xenicus (Traversia) lyalli'') was a nocturnal, flightless, insectivorous passerine belonging to the family of ''New Zealand wrens''.〔Rothschild, Walter (1894): A new species from Stephens Island. ''Bull. B. O. C.'' 4(22): 10.〕〔Rothschild, Walter (1895): Notes on ''Xenicus lyalli''. ''Ibis'' 7(1): 268-269.〕 It was driven extinct, apparently by introduced cats, around 1900.〔Medway, D.G. (2004) The land bird fauna of Stephens Island, New Zealand in the early 1890s, and the cause of its demise. ''Notornis'', 51:201-211.〕
==Taxonomy==
The Stephens Island wren was long remembered in local mythos as the only known species to be entirely wiped out by a single living being: the local lighthouse keeper's cat, named Tibbles. However, this belief was erroneous;〔Medway, D.G. (2004) The land bird fauna of Stephens Island, New Zealand in the early 1890s, and the cause of its demise. ''Notornis'', 51:201-211.〕 while this cat did kill one of the last birds seen, a few more specimens were obtained in the following years, by which time the island also hosted numerous feral cats. The scientific name commemorates the assistant lighthouse keeper, David Lyall, who first brought the bird to the attention of science. Originally, the bird was described as a distinct genus, ''Traversia'', in honor of naturalist and curio dealer Henry H. Travers who procured many specimens from Lyall, but is currently considered to be part of the ''Xenicus'' wrens, which are not true wrens, but a similar-looking New Zealand lineage of primitive passerines, the Acanthisittidae.〔del Hoyo, J. Elliott, A. & Christie, D. (2004) Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 9: Cotingas to Pipits and Wagtails. Lynx Edicions. ISBN 84-87334-69-5.〕
The Stephens Island wren is the best known of the few (five or so) flightless passerines (songbirds) known to science,〔 Millener, P.R. (1989) The only flightless passerine: the Stephens Island Wren (''Traversia lyalli'': Acanthisittidae). ''Notornis'' 36(4): 280–284.〕 all of which were inhabitants of islands and are now extinct. The others were relatives of ''Xenicus'' and the long-legged bunting from Tenerife, all of which were only discovered recently and became extinct in prehistoric times. In addition, the bushwren (''Xenicus longipes''), another acanthisittid recently extinct, was largely flightless.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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